Inflammation switches the chemoattractant requirements for naive lymphocyte entry into lymph nodes.

Sustained lymphocyte migration from blood into lymph nodes (LNs) is important for immune responses. The CC-chemokine receptor-7 (CCR7) ligand CCL21 is required for LN entry but is downregulated during inflammation, and it has been unclear how recruitment is maintained. Here, we show that the oxysterol biosynthetic enzyme cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (Ch25h) is upregulated in LN high endothelial venules during viral infection.

Estradiol suppresses psoriatic inflammation in mice by regulating neutrophil and macrophage functions.

Background: Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease resulting from dysregulation of the IL-23/T17 immune axis. The prevalence and severity of psoriasis is higher in men than in women, although the underlying reasons for this are unclear.

Objective: We studied whether estradiol, a female hormone, plays protective roles in imiquimod-induced psoriatic inflammation in mice by regulating neutrophil and macrophage functions.

PD-L1 on mast cells suppresses effector CD8 T-cell activation in the skin in murine contact hypersensitivity.

Background: The programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway is known to inhibit the activation of effector CD8 T cells. However, just how this regulatory pathway is involved in the pathophysiology of CD8 T-cell-mediated inflammatory skin diseases remains unclear.

Objective: Our aim was to elucidate the mechanisms by which the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway exerts its regulatory roles in CD8 T-cell-mediated cutaneous immune responses.