Randomized control trial to compare mini-PCNL vs standard-PCNL for treatment of 1-2 cm size inferior calyceal renal stone.

Background: Lower calyceal anatomy makes the stone clearance a difficult task across all treatment formats. Improvement in optics and miniaturization of instruments have offered an effective and safer alternative to percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The study was conducted to compare the efficacy and complications associated with mini-PCNL vs standard-PCNL.

Strange nonchaotic attractor in an unforced turbulent reactive flow system.

We discover strange nonchaotic attractor (SNA) through experiments in an unforced system comprising turbulent reactive flow. While models suggest SNAs are common in dynamical systems, experimental observations are primarily limited to systems with external forcing. We observe SNA prior to the emergence of periodic oscillations from chaotic fluctuations.

Alkali cation-π interactions in aqueous systems, modulating supramolecular stereoisomerism of nanoscopic metal-organic capsules.

Contrary to common chemical intuition, cation-π interactions can persist in polar, aqueous reaction solutions, rather than in dry non-coordinative solvent systems. This account highlights how alkali ion-π interactions impart distinctive structure-influencing supramolecular forces that can be exploited in the preparation of nanoscopic metal-organic capsules. The incorporation of alkali ions from polar solutions into molecular pockets promotes the assembly of otherwise inaccessible capsular entities whose structures are distinctive to those of common polyoxovanadate clusters in which {V=O} moieties usually point radially to the outside, shielding the molecular entities.