LPS and Conditioned Medium Enhance the Release of a Low Molecular Weight, Transcriptionally Active, Fragment of Glycogen Synthase-3 Kinase in IMR-32 Cell Line.

Background: Glycogen synthase-3 kinase (GSK3) is one of the major contributors of tau hyperphosphorylation linked to neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objective: To determine a mechanism of GSK-3β activation by two periodontal bacteria consistently confirmed in AD autopsied brains.

Methods: FDC381 and ATCC10301 conditioned media were collected.

Has the Potential to Cause Neurodegeneration in the Midbrain via the Periodontal Route of Infection-Narrative Review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the most common example of dementia. The neuropathological features of AD are the abnormal deposition of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles with hyperphosphorylated tau protein. It is recognized that AD starts in the frontal cerebral cortex, and then it progresses to the entorhinal cortex, the hippocampus, and the rest of the brain.

Detection of Amyloid-β in Naturally Formed Oral Biofilm.

Background: Oral infection has been implicated in the possible etiology of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: To detect amyloid-β (Aβ) within microbial biofilms.

Methods: Freshly extracted teeth ( = 87) with periodontal disease were separated into Group A ( = 11), with primary root canal infection and Group B ( = 21) with failed endodontic treatment identified by the presence of, gutta percha root filling.

Locus Coeruleus Dysfunction and Trigeminal Mesencephalic Nucleus Degeneration: A Cue for Periodontal Infection Mediated Damage in Alzheimer's Disease?

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading neurodegenerative disease with deteriorating cognition as its main clinical sign. In addition to the clinical history, it is characterized by the presence of two neuropathological hallmark lesions; amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), identified in the brain at post-mortem in specific anatomical areas. Recently, it was discovered that NFTs occur initially in the subcortical nuclei, such as the locus coeruleus in the pons, and are said to spread from there to the cerebral cortices and the hippocampus.