A sedimentary ancient DNA perspective on human and carnivore persistence through the Late Pleistocene in El Mirón Cave, Spain.

Caves are primary sites for studying human and animal subsistence patterns and genetic ancestry throughout the Palaeolithic. Iberia served as a critical human and animal refugium in Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), 26.5 to 19 thousand years before the present (cal kya).

Somatic symptom and related disorders in a tertiary paediatric hospital: Characteristics of ED use prior to admission.

Objectives: Somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRDs) are complex disorders that are commonly encountered in tertiary paediatric settings. Despite this, little is known about ED use prior to hospital admission. We aimed to describe the pattern of ED use in a cohort of children and adolescents who were subsequently admitted to hospital with SSRD and to identify factors associated with ED presentations.

Transforming growth factor beta receptor type I (TGF-βRI) kinase inhibitors IOA-359 and IOA-360 stimulate erythropoiesis in MDS.

Overactivation of the Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of cytopenias in Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). IOA-359 and IOA-360 are potent small molecule inhibitors of the TGF-beta Receptor type I kinase (TGF-βRI, also referred to as ALK5, activin receptor-like kinase 5) that abrogate SMAD phosphorylation in hematopoietic cell lines. Both inhibitors were able to inhibit TGF-β mediated gene transcription at specific doses.

The relationship between non-communicable disease risk and mental wellbeing in adolescence: a cross-sectional study utilising objective measures in Indonesia.

Background: Risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, and mental disorders) arise in adolescence but are mostly framed as relevant to health in adulthood; little is known about the relationship between co-occurring NCD risks and mental wellbeing in young people. This study aims to describe the prevalence and co-occurrence of distinct NCD risk factors, and how they relate to current mental wellbeing amongst adolescents in Indonesia, a young and populous country where NCD burden is increasing rapidly.

Methods: We assessed NCD risk and mental wellbeing amongst 1,331 school-based 16-18-year-olds in Jakarta (N = 609) and South Sulawesi (N = 722).

Regulation of human interferon signaling by transposon exonization.

Innate immune signaling is essential for clearing pathogens and damaged cells and must be tightly regulated to avoid excessive inflammation or autoimmunity. Here, we found that the alternative splicing of exons derived from transposable elements is a key mechanism controlling immune signaling in human cells. By analyzing long-read transcriptome datasets, we identified numerous transposon exonization events predicted to generate functional protein variants of immune genes, including the type I interferon receptor IFNAR2.