Quantifying short-range order using atom probe tomography.

Medium- and high-entropy alloys are an emerging class of materials that can exhibit outstanding combinations of strength and ductility for engineering applications. Computational simulations have suggested the presence of short-range order (SRO) in these alloys, and recent experimental evidence is also beginning to emerge. Unfortunately, the difficulty in quantifying the SRO under different heat treatment conditions has generated much debate on the atomic preferencing and implications of SRO on mechanical properties.

Toward stabilization of formamidinium lead iodide perovskites by defect control and composition engineering.

Phase instability poses a serious challenge to the commercialization of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI)-based solar cells and optoelectronic devices. Here, we combine density functional theory and machine learning molecular dynamics simulations, to investigate the mechanism driving the undesired α-δ phase transition of FAPbI. Prevalent iodine vacancies and interstitials can significantly expedite the structural transition kinetics by inducing robust covalency during transition states.

The influence of hypoxaemia, hypotension and hypercapnia (among other factors) on quality of recovery from general anaesthesia in horses.

Objective: To investigate the effect of hypoxaemia, hypotension and hypercapnia, among others, on quality of recovery from general anaesthesia in horses.

Study Design: Retrospective, single-centre study.

Animals: A sample of 1226 horses that underwent general anaesthesia between June 2017 and June 2021.

Role of sex in lung cancer risk prediction based on single low-dose chest computed tomography.

A validated open-source deep-learning algorithm called Sybil can accurately predict long-term lung cancer risk from a single low-dose chest computed tomography (LDCT). However, Sybil was trained on a majority-male cohort. Use of artificial intelligence algorithms trained on imbalanced cohorts may lead to inequitable outcomes in real-world settings.

Realization of High Magnetization in Artificially Designed Ni/NiO Layers through Exchange Coupling.

High-magnetization materials play crucial roles in various applications. However, the past few decades have witnessed a stagnation in the discovery of new materials with high magnetization. In this work, Ni/NiO nanocomposites are fabricated by depositing Ni and NiO thin layers alternately, followed by annealing at specific temperatures.