Undergraduate Students' Onlooker Response Prior to Arrival of Emergency Medical Services: An Assessment of Willingness to Respond.

Objectives: This study sought to assess undergraduate students' knowledge and attitudes surrounding perceived self-efficacy and threats in various common emergencies in communities of higher education.

Methods: Self-reported perceptions of knowledge and skills, as well as attitudes and beliefs regarding education and training, obligation to respond, safety, psychological readiness, efficacy, personal preparedness, and willingness to respond were investigated through 3 representative scenarios via a web-based survey.

Results: Among 970 respondents, approximately 60% reported their university had adequately prepared them for various emergencies while 84% reported the university should provide such training.

Carbonic anhydrase 2-derived drug-responsive domain regulates membrane-bound cytokine expression and function in engineered T cells.

Adoptive cell therapies (ACT) have shown reduced efficacy against solid tumor malignancies compared to hematologic malignancies, partly due to the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). ACT efficacy may be enhanced with pleiotropic cytokines that remodel the TME; however, their expression needs to be tightly controlled to avoid systemic toxicities. Here we show T cells can be armored with membrane-bound cytokines with surface expression regulated using drug-responsive domains (DRDs) developed from the 260-amino acid protein human carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2).

Biomarkers.

Background: Recent advances in diagnostics have made it possible to identify early signs of the pathophysiological changes underlying Alzheimer's Disease (AD) via blood tests. However, the use of blood-based biomarkers (BBBMs) for the early detection of AD may be limited in primary care settings despite its potential for wide access and early detection of AD (PMID: 37295421) Therefore, there is a need to understand the barriers and facilitators of BBBM testing for AD in primary care.

Method: We employed a combination of qualitative research, advisory board, and quantitative survey to engage with clinical/scientific advisors and community-based physicians in primary care.

Public Health.

Background: Evidence suggests that diet may play a modifiable role in reducing Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) is linked to a lower incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. Increasing evidence indicates the potential utility of a cytoskeletal protein found in astrocytes, plasma Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), as a marker specific for AD pathogenesis.

Biomarkers.

Background: Recent advances in immunoassays have enabled sensitive detection of Aβ42/40 and pTau217 in plasma, components of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological markers. Further characterization of increased diagnostic accuracy with PET Amyloid-β (Aβ) across the AD continuum is needed for clinical application.

Method: Participants from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study of ageing (N=197) representing a cross-sectional population of four clinical and PET-Aβ subgroups: cognitive unimpaired (CU) Aβ- (n=75), CU Aβ+ (n=48), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Aβ+ (n=26), and AD Aβ+ (n=48).