Supernumerary kidney forming isthmus of horseshoe kidney: A rare presentation.

Supernumerary kidney is one of the rarest congenital anomalies of the genito-urinary tract. Around 100 cases have been reported in the literature so far. Even rare is the fusion of a supernumerary kidney.

Structural characterization, thermoluminescence studies and kinetic parameters of SrSO4:Eu nanophosphors under X-ray and gamma excitations.

Nanostructured SrSO4:Eu phosphors with high thermoluminescence (TL) emission temperatures have been synthesized through a controlled chemical precipitation method. Structural analysis and TL studies under both γ-ray and X-ray excitations were done. The phosphors were characterized using Powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, thermogravimetry, UV-VIS and photoluminescence studies.