Food-Related Brain Activation Measured by fMRI in Adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome.

(1) Background: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterized by hyperphagia, resulting in morbid obesity if not controlled. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether PWS patients show altered activation of brain areas involved in hunger. As a secondary objective, we assessed whether there is an association between these brain areas and several endocrine and metabolic factors in the fasting state.

Acute and short-term effects of caloric restriction on metabolic profile and brain activation in obese, postmenopausal women.

Objective: Early anthropometric and metabolic changes during a caloric-restricted diet in obese postmenopausal women and correlations between these factors with activity in brain areas involved in processing of visual food related stimuli were investigated.

Subjects And Methods: An 8-week prospective intervention study of 18 healthy postmenopausal women, with a body mass index of 30-35 kg m. The first 2 weeks subjects were on an isocaloric diet and 4 weeks on a 1000 kcal restricted diet followed by 2 weeks on an isocaloric diet.

Serum insulin-like growth factor-I and body composition in community dwelling older people.

Objectives: The decline in the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-I (GH/IGF-I) axis during normal aging might be involved in the changes in body composition associated with increasing age. We conducted a study to investigate serum IGF-I levels across different age categories and a possible association between serum IGF-I and measurements of body composition in older people.

Design: A cross-sectional analysis of community dwelling older people, which participated in a large longitudinal cohort study (Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam).

The impact of blood glucose levels on stimulated adrenocorticotropin hormone and growth hormone release in healthy subjects.

Objective: In studies investigating the influence of glucose levels on the pituitary function the methods used have been variable and mainly focused on the change in function as a reaction to unphysiological low or high blood glucose levels. In the present study the impact of physiological and elevated blood glucose levels on adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and growth hormone release are investigated.

Design: The euglycaemic and hyperglycaemic clamp techniques were used to reach stable levels of 4, 8 and 12 mmol/l blood glucose levels.

The role of leptin and ghrelin in the regulation of food intake and body weight in humans: a review.

Leptin and ghrelin are two hormones that have been recognized to have a major influence on energy balance. Leptin is a mediator of long-term regulation of energy balance, suppressing food intake and thereby inducing weight loss. Ghrelin on the other hand is a fast-acting hormone, seemingly playing a role in meal initiation.