Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB outcomes in the United States: a Bayesian analysis.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) notifications and deaths in the United States fluctuated substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed multiple data sources to understand the factors contributing to these changes and estimated future TB trends.

Methods: We identified four mechanisms potentially contributing to observed TB trends during 2020-2023: immigration, respiratory contact rates, rates of accurate diagnosis and treatment initiation, and mortality rates for persons experiencing TB disease.

Model-Based Analysis of Impact, Costs, and Cost-effectiveness of Tuberculosis Outbreak Investigations, United States.

Outbreak investigation is an essential component of tuberculosis (TB) control in the United States, but its epidemiologic impact and cost-effectiveness have not been quantified. We modeled outbreak investigation activities in the United States during 2023-2032 and estimated corresponding epidemiologic impact, economic costs (in 2022 US$), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios from the healthcare system perspective (cost per additional quality-adjusted life-year gained). We projected that outbreak investigations would result in 1,030,000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 376,000-1,740,000) contacts investigated, leading to 4,130 (95% UI 1,420-7,640) TB diagnoses and 104,000 (95% UI 37,600-181,000) latent TB infection diagnoses, at a total cost of US $219 million (95% UI $80-$387 million).

Subclinical gastrointestinal mucosal lesions occur in dogs with intrahepatic portosystemic shunts independent of percutaneous transvenous coil embolization.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and severity of gastrointestinal mucosal lesions in dogs with intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (IHPSS), and to compare the prevalence and severity of gastrointestinal mucosal lesions in dogs with IHPSS before and after treatment with percutaneous transvenous coil embolization (PTCE) based on capsule endoscopy (CE).

Methods: A prospective clinical trial was performed from June 1, 2020, to March 1, 2022. Ten client-owned dogs diagnosed with IHPSS by use of CT angiography were included.

Identifying acute kidney injury in children: comparing electronic alerts with health record data.

Background: Electronic (e-)alerts for rising serum creatinine values are increasingly used as clinical indicators of acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of this study was to investigate to what degree AKI episodes, as identified using e-alerts, correlated with coding for AKI in the hospital record for a national cohort of hospitalised children and examine whether coding corresponded with 30-day mortality after an AKI episode.

Methods: A cross-section of AKI episodes based on alerts issued for children under 18 years in England during 2017 were linked to hospital records.

Access to kidney transplantation and re-transplantation from childhood to adulthood: long-term data from the ERA Registry.

Background And Hypothesis: Knowledge regarding access to first kidney transplantation (KT) and subsequent KT in patients commencing kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in childhood is limited.

Methods: Using European Renal Association (ERA) Registry data, we investigated European patients who started KRT below 20 years of age between 1978 and 2019. Access and determinants to first, second and third KT were assessed using multivariable Cox regression.