Publications by authors named "S J Kirks"
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to assess how different routes of vaccine administration and the use of injectable trace minerals (ITM) affect immune responses in dairy calves infected with BVDV2 and BHV1.
- A total of 60 calves were vaccinated and monitored for immune cell counts, revealing that unvaccinated calves showed significantly lower leukocyte levels compared to vaccinated ones.
- Results indicated that calves receiving subcutaneous vaccinations had better immune response, particularly in CD4 T cells, and those in the ITM-IN group had the highest CD8 T cell counts, highlighting the importance of both the vaccination method and ITM usage in immune system effectiveness.
The objective was to compare clinical protection [evaluated through health scoring, endoscopy score of the upper respiratory tract (URT-ES), leukocyte count, viremia, and virus shedding in nasal secretions] following Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (BVDV2) and Bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV1) challenge among calves submitted to modified-live virus (MLV) booster vaccination (either intranasal or subcutaneous) concurrent with injectable trace minerals (ITM) or saline. Forty-eight dairy calves received an MLV intranasal (IN) vaccine containing BHV1, BRSV, and BPIV and subcutaneous (SC) ITM (Se, Cu, Zn & Mn; ITM, n = 24) or saline (SAL, n = 24). Ten weeks later, calves received a second dose of ITM, or saline, according to previous groups and were randomly assigned to receive the same IN vaccine [ITM-IN (n = 12), SAL-IN (n = 12)] or a SC MLV vaccine containing BHV1, BRSV, BPI3V, BVDV1 & 2 [ITM-SC (n = 12), SAL-SC (n = 12)].
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