Digestion of Gluten-Derived Immunogenic Peptides along the Gastrointestinal Tract of the Growing Pig as a Model for the Adult Human Is Enhanced with Simultaneous Consumption of Exogenous Proteases.

Background: Digestion of gluten-derived immunogenic peptides along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is not well established.

Objectives: This study aimed to map the digestion of gluten-derived immunogenic peptides along the GIT using the growing pig as a human adult model and actinidin as a model exogenous protease.

Methods: Entire male pigs 9 wk of age [n = 54, 19.

Repurposing Licensed Drugs with Activity Against Epstein-Barr Virus for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Approach.

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is implicated as a necessary factor in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) and may also be a driver of disease activity. Although it is not clear whether ongoing viral replication is the driver for MS pathology, MS researchers have considered the prospect of using drugs with potential efficacy against EBV in the treatment of MS. We have undertaken scientific and lived experience expert panel reviews to shortlist existing licensed therapies that could be used in later-stage clinical trials in MS.

Disease Activity in Pregnant and Postpartum Women With Multiple Sclerosis Receiving Ocrelizumab or Other Disease-Modifying Therapies.

Background And Objectives: Women with multiple sclerosis (MS) are at risk of disease reactivation in the early postpartum period. Ocrelizumab (OCR) is an anti-CD20 therapy highly effective at reducing MS disease activity. Data remain limited regarding use of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), including OCR, and disease activity during peripregnancy periods.

Amino acid requirements of the infant: the amino acid composition of human breast milk.

The recommended amino acid requirements of the infant are based on the amino acid composition of mature human breast milk. The amino acid composition of breast milk is usually determined following either acid or alkaline (for tryptophan) hydrolysis. For accuracy, however, the known effect of hydrolysis time on amino acid composition should be accounted for.

Similar In Vitro Ileal Fermentation Outcomes Validate the Use of a Pig Ileal Inoculum in an In Vitro Fermentation Assay for the Adult Human.

Background: An in vivo/in vitro ileal fermentation assay using growing pigs has shown important fermentability and organic acid production. This assay could be used to study human foods but needs validation.

Objectives: To validate using a pig inoculum for studying human ileal fermentation by comparing the in vitro fermentation of fibre substrates using ileal inocula prepared from growing pigs or human ileostomates.