Rethinking Informed Consent as an EPA in Surgery.

Over the past decade, entrustable professional activities (EPAs) have become an important element in the competency-based medical education movement. In this Commentary, the authors explore informed consent as an EPA within resident surgical training. In doing so, they foreground the concept of culture and reexamine the nature of trust and entrustment decisions from within a cultural framework.

Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestone Training Ratings and Surgeons' Early Outcomes.

Importance: National data on the development of competence during training have been reported using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones system. It is now possible to consider longitudinal analyses that link Milestone ratings during training to patient outcomes data of recent graduates.

Objective: To evaluate the association of in-training ACGME Milestone ratings in a surgical specialty with subsequent complication rates following a commonly performed operation, endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR).

Pharmacist assessments and care to improve adult vaccination rates: A report from project IMPACT vaccine confidence.

Background: Neglect of vaccination needs among adults results in a needless burden of hospitalization, suffering, and death. America's community pharmacists deliver a substantial portion of adult vaccinations, yet many Americans still have unmet vaccination needs.

Objectives: This study evaluated rates of vaccine contraindications, acceptance, and willingness to be vaccinated among ambulatory adults.

Evaluating Competence by Design as a Large System Change Initiative: Readiness, Fidelity, and Outcomes.

Program evaluation is an essential, but often neglected, activity in any transformational educational change. Competence by Design was a large-scale change initiative to implement a competency-based time-variable educational system in Canadian postgraduate medical education. A program evaluation strategy was an integral part of the build and implementation plan for CBD from the beginning, providing insights into implementation progress, challenges, unexpected outcomes, and impact.