Age and Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection Do Not Affect the Magnitude of De Novo SARS-CoV-2-Specific CD8 T Cell Responses.

Immunosenescence, age-related immune dysregulation, reduces immunity upon vaccinations and infections. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection results in declining naïve (T) and increasing terminally differentiated (T) T cell populations, further aggravating immune aging. Both immunosenescence and CMV have been speculated to hamper the formation of protective T-cell immunity against novel or emerging pathogens.

Development of a deep learning-based model for guiding a dissection during robotic breast surgery.

Background: Traditional surgical education is based on observation and assistance in surgical practice. Recently introduced deep learning (DL) techniques enable the recognition of the surgical view and automatic identification of surgical landmarks. However, there was no previous studies have conducted to develop surgical guide for robotic breast surgery.

Utilizing Block Copolymer Films as an Etch Mask for Pattern Transfer.

Micro- and nanopatterned surfaces are highly useful as functional surfaces and in the fabrication of electronic and optical devices. Transferring high-resolution patterns into a photoresistive layer or the substrate surface is a crucial step in fabricating a nanostructure with gratings, pillar arrays, and hole arrays. In this work, a very simple yet efficient and high-throughput route for pattern transfer was investigated based on the self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs).

Improving accuracy for inferior alveolar nerve segmentation with multi-label of anatomical adjacent structures using active learning in cone-beam computed tomography.

Recent advancements in deep learning have revolutionized digital dentistry, highlighting the importance of precise dental segmentation. This study leverages active learning with the three-dimensional (3D) nnU-net and multi-labels to improve segmentation accuracy of dental anatomies, including the maxillary sinuses, maxilla, mandible, and inferior alveolar nerves (IAN), which are important for implant planning, in 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Segmentation accuracy was compared using single-label, adjacent pair-label, and multi-label relevant anatomic structures with 60 CBCT scans from Kooalldam Dental Hospital and externally validated using data from Seoul National University Dental Hospital.

Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 antibody repertoire after successive mRNA vaccinations under immunosuppressive treatment.

Background: Repeated antigen exposure can result in a shifting antibody repertoire. The mechanisms by which this occurs and consequences for cross-variant protection against evolving pathogens remain incompletely understood, particularly in the context of immunosuppressive treatments used in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID).

Methods: To investigate this, we characterised longitudinal changes in the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody repertoire over the course of three SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations in patients with IMIDs treated with methotrexate (MTX) and/or tumour necrosis factor-inhibitors (TNFi), anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, no systemic therapy, and healthy controls (total N = 878).