Optimization of fs-laser-induced voxels in nonlinear materials via over-correction of spherical aberration.

In this Letter, over-correction of spherical aberration is used to counteract nonlinear effects such as Kerr self-focusing and plasma effects, resulting in more spherical and small-sized femtosecond laser-inscribed voxels within nonlinear materials. By strategically redirecting marginal focusing rays toward the beginning of the laser modification zone, the induced plasma prevents any rays from causing a structural modification beyond this zone, irrespective of any focus elongation caused by nonlinear effects. The method has been effectively validated across a range of materials, including ZnS, ZnSe, BIG, GeS, and SiO.

CRISPR-Cas9 screens reveal regulators of ageing in neural stem cells.

Ageing impairs the ability of neural stem cells (NSCs) to transition from quiescence to proliferation in the adult mammalian brain. Functional decline of NSCs results in the decreased production of new neurons and defective regeneration following injury during ageing. Several genetic interventions have been found to ameliorate old brain function, but systematic functional testing of genes in old NSCs-and more generally in old cells-has not been done.

A human DCC variant causing mirror movement disorder reveals that the WAVE regulatory complex mediates axon guidance by netrin-1-DCC.

The axon guidance cue netrin-1 signals through its receptor DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer) to attract commissural axons to the midline. Variants in DCC are frequently associated with congenital mirror movements (CMMs). A CMM-associated variant in the cytoplasmic tail of DCC is located in a conserved motif predicted to bind to a regulator of actin dynamics called the WAVE (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein-family verprolin homologous protein) regulatory complex (WRC).

The Nutritional Content of Food in Carceral Institutions: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies.

The nutritional content of food in carceral institutions is important because it influences weight gain and health during incarceration. This systematic review assessed the available quantitative data and nutritional analyses of food in carceral institutions. Methodology is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement with four phases (identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion).