ZW sex chromosome structure in Amborella trichopoda.

Sex chromosomes have evolved hundreds of times across the flowering plant tree of life; their recent origins in some members of this clade can shed light on the early consequences of suppressed recombination, a crucial step in sex chromosome evolution. Amborella trichopoda, the sole species of a lineage that is sister to all other extant flowering plants, is dioecious with a young ZW sex determination system. Here we present a haplotype-resolved genome assembly, including highly contiguous assemblies of the Z and W chromosomes.

Engineered Immune Constructs Alter Antigen-Specific Immune Tolerance and Confer Durable Protection in Myelin-Driven Autoimmunity.

Autoimmune diseases are broadly characterized as a failure in immune tolerance. In multiple sclerosis (MS), autoreactive immune cells attack the protective myelin sheath lining neurons in the central nervous system. Therapeutic strategies that selectively and durably restore immune tolerance without broad immunosuppression are urgently needed for MS.

CO Oxidation Catalyzed by Perovskites: The Role of Crystallographic Distortions Highlighted by Systematic Experiments and Artificial Intelligence.

The identification of key materials' parameters correlated with the performance can accelerate the development of heterogeneous catalysts and unveil the relevant underlying physical processes. However, the analysis of correlations is often hindered by inconsistent data. Besides, nontrivial, yet unknown relationships may be important, and the intricacy of the various processes may be significant.

Opportunistic Identification of Coronary Artery Calcium and Valve/Vascular Calcifications on Chest X-Ray: Improvements With Single-Exposure Dual-Energy Imaging.

To evaluate whether single-exposure, dual-energy chest X-ray (DEX) improves visualization of coronary artery calcium (CAC) and valve/vascular calcifications compared to conventional X-ray. Sixty-one bone-marrow transplant patients (22- 79 years; median 61; IQR 15; w/m, 24/37), underwent single-exposure dual-energy X-ray (Reveal 35C, KA imaging) in pa and lateral projection, followed by a standard-of-care chest CT. Two DEX pairs (pa/lateral) were calculated: a composite image (COMP) and a bone image with soft-tissue subtraction (BI).

In vivo micronucleus assay on sodium molybdate in rats and its impact on the overall assessment of the genotoxicity of molybdenum substances.

In this paper we present methodological and experimental details and results from an OECD Test Guideline 474 and GLP-compliant in vivo micronucleus study on sodium molybdate dihydrate in Sprague Dawley rats. Prior to the conduct of this study, there was a data-gap for reliable in vivo genotoxicity data for molybdenum substances. The presentation of the new study is complemented by a review of other available in vitro and in vivo data on the genotoxicity of molybdenum substances, focussing on substances where the contained or released molybdate ion, MoO, is considered the responsible moiety for any toxicological effect (grouping/category approach).