The clinical application of in vivo dosimetry for gynaecological brachytherapy: A scoping review.

Brachytherapy is a key treatment for gynaecological malignancies, delivering high doses to the tumour volume whilst sparing nearby normal tissues due to its steep dose gradient. Accuracy is imperative as small shifts can lead to clinically significant under- or over-dosing of the target volume or organs at risk (OARs), respectively. Independent verification of dose delivered during brachytherapy is not routinely performed but it is important to identify gross errors and define action thresholds to guide inter-fraction treatment decisions.

"The advice? Think bigger": Community perspectives on dairy farming, including surplus calves - an Australian focus group study.

Citizens are becoming increasingly disconnected from food production. Despite this, many people still hold strong values about how food is produced. The aim of this study was to attain an in-depth understanding of Australian public attitudes toward sustainability and animal welfare in dairy production, as well as early life killing of surplus dairy calves and cow-calf separation; issues commonly identified as being out of step with public values.

Io's tidal response precludes a shallow magma ocean.

Io experiences tidal deformation due to its eccentric orbit around Jupiter, which provides a primary energy source for Io's ongoing volcanic activity and infrared emission. The amount of tidal energy dissipated within Io is enormous and has been hypothesized to support the large-scale melting of Io's interior and the formation of a global subsurface magma ocean. If Io has a shallow global magma ocean, its tidal deformation would be much larger than in the case of a more rigid, mostly solid interior.

Juno Observations Set New Constraints on the Electrodynamic Interaction Between Io and Jupiter.

Juno's highly elliptical polar orbits provide unprecedented in-situ observations of the electrodynamic interaction between Jupiter and its volcanic moon Io. These observations occur in regions never sampled before both near Io's orbit and near Jupiter's ionosphere and at distances between the two. Magnetic field data obtained during multiple traversals of magnetic field lines mapping to Io's orbit reveal remarkably rich and complex magnetic signatures near flux tubes connected to Io's orbital position.

Evidence of Magnetic Reconnection in Ganymede's Wake Region From Juno.

Magnetic reconnection has been commonly reported between the solar wind IMF and the magnetic field of Earth and other planets. A similar phenomenon is expected between Jupiter's magnetosphere and Ganymede's mini magnetosphere inside the Jovian magnetosphere. This article is the first report of a reconnection event in the tail region of Ganymede.