Metastatic Neuroblastoma Mimicking Multiple Infantile Hemangiomas Diagnosed With Ultrasound.

Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor derived from the neural crest cells that often involves the adrenal glands and rarely metastasizes to the skin. Here, we present a case of a nine-month-old male infant who presented with multiple noncompressible blue-purple subcutaneous nodules, initially suggestive of atypical deep hemangiomas. The ultrasound revealed a lack of increased vascularity of the masses and an adrenal mass, leading to a biopsy and diagnosis of a neuroblastoma involving the adrenal gland, liver, and skin.

Towards a molecular picture of the archaeal cell surface.

Archaea produce various protein filaments with specialised functions. While some archaea produce only one type of filament, the archaeal model species Sulfolobus acidocaldarius generates four. These include rotary swimming propellers analogous to bacterial flagella (archaella), pili for twitching motility (Aap), adhesive fibres (threads), and filaments facilitating homologous recombination upon UV stress (UV pili).

MinD2 modulates cell shape and motility in the archaeon .

In bacteria and archaea, proteins of the ParA/MinD family of ATPases regulate the spatiotemporal organization of various cellular cargoes, including cell division proteins, motility structures, chemotaxis systems, and chromosomes. In bacteria, such as , MinD proteins are crucial for the correct placement of the Z-ring at mid-cell during cell division. However, previous studies have shown that none of the 4 MinD homologs present in the archaeon have a role in cell division, suggesting that these proteins regulate different cellular processes in haloarchaea.

Archaeal type six secretion system mediates contact-dependent antagonism.

Microbial communities are shaped by cell-cell interactions. Although archaea are often found in associations with other microorganisms, the mechanisms structuring these communities are poorly understood. Here, we report on the structure and function of haloarchaeal contractile injection systems (CISs).

Role of VapBC4 toxin-antitoxin system of in heat stress adaptation.

Unlabelled: Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are important for stress adaptation in prokaryotes, including persistence, antibiotic resistance, pathogenicity, and biofilm formation. Toxins can cause cell death, reversible growth stasis, and direct inhibition of crucial cellular processes through various mechanisms, while antitoxins neutralize the effects of toxins. In bacteria, these systems have been studied in detail, whereas their function in archaea remains elusive.