The theory of change and realistic evaluation applied to the evaluation of a transport intervention: The case of the Nottingham Workplace Parking Levy.

This paper focuses on the application of evaluation based on a Theory of Change Approach, including elements of Realistic Evaluation to a transport intervention; the UK's first Workplace Parking Levy (WPL) introduced in 2012 in the City of Nottingham. A WPL places a charge off-street parking provided by employers. The scheme acts as a transport demand management measure with the revenue hypothecated for funding transport improvements.

Investigating risk factors behind piglet facial and sow teat lesions through a literature review and a survey on teeth reduction.

Introduction: Piglet facial and sow teat lesions are the main reported reasons why pig producers routinely practice teeth resection. This is a painful procedure performed on piglets, where their needle teeth are clipped or ground to resect the pointed tip. The practice raises welfare concerns.

Association of masking policies with mask adherence and distancing during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic.

Background: Quantification of the impact of local masking policies may help guide future policy interventions to reduce SARS-COV-2 disease transmission. This study's objective was to identify factors associated with adherence to masking and social distancing guidelines.

Methods: Faculty from 16 U.

Quinol-containing ligands enable high superoxide dismutase activity by modulating coordination number, charge, oxidation states and stability of manganese complexes throughout redox cycling.

Reactivity assays previously suggested that two quinol-containing MRI contrast agent sensors for HO, [Mn()(MeCN)] and [Mn()Br], could also catalytically degrade superoxide. Subsequently, [Zn()(OTf)] was found to use the redox activity of the ligand to catalyze the conversion of O˙ to O and HO, raising the possibility that the organic ligand, rather than the metal, could serve as the redox partner for O˙ in the manganese chemistry. Here, we use stopped-flow kinetics and cryospray-ionization mass spectrometry (CSI-MS) analysis of the direct reactions between the manganese-containing contrast agents and O˙ to confirm the activity and elucidate the catalytic mechanism.