Dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MRI helps in differentiating double-expressor from non-double-expressor subtypes in primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Purpose: In the 2016 WHO Classification of Lymphoid Tissue Neoplasms, co-expression of MYC and BCL2 is newly designated as double expressor lymphoma. Patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma with double expressor (DE-PCNSL) have been reported to have a higher risk of recurrence and a worse prognosis than those with PCNSL without double expressor (non-DE-PCNSL). The aim of this study was to determine whether DE-PCNSL has characteristic clinical and MR imaging features compared to non-DE-PCNSL.

Unbuckling the 18-Crown-6 Ether Belt Around Metal Ions: Forging the Connection to the Condensed Phase.

Crown ethers are central to supramolecular chemistry, recognizing and binding specific ions in solution. The most well-known, 18-Crown-6 (18C6), preferentially captures K in an aqueous solution, while gas phase binding of 18C6 with alkali metal ions decreases linearly with an increasing ionic radius. Why the high affinity for Li and Na in the gas phase is dramatically reduced with hydration remains an open question in understanding the K selectivity in the aqueous phase.

Releasing Preferentially Sequestered Na from Its Confinement by Beauvericin: A Single Water Molecule is the Accomplice.

Beauvericin (Bv) is a natural ionophore capable of transporting ions across biological membranes. Mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy show that Bv specifically captures sodium ions with a unique 6-fold coordination in its cavity, which illustrates how ions are carried through the membrane. But with no reports on how ions are released from Bv at the interface, a complete picture of the ion transport process has yet to be established.

Water-Induced Dissociative Mechanism of Carboxylate and Divalent Calcium Ions Revealed by IR Laser Spectroscopy.

The dissociation of carboxylate and divalent calcium ions is investigated at the molecular level in microsolvation experiments by gradually increasing the number of water molecules around the ions. IR photodissociation (IRPD) laser spectroscopy of H-tagged (Ca, AcO)(HO) clusters in the ν(CO) spectral range combined with RI-B97-D3-BJ-abc/TZVPPD frequency calculations is used to identify the type of ion pairs involved in this process. These results reveal that the ion dissociation follows a multistep mechanism involving in particular pseudobridged monodentate contact ion pairs (CIPs), which are found to be the first intermediate species formed from bidentate CIPs along the ion dissociation path.