Difference in single-leaf and whole-plant photosynthetic response to light under steady and non-steady states in .

Although photosynthetic response to light has been extensively studied at the single-leaf level, little is known about the response at the whole-plant level. The present study aims to reveal the differences in the photosynthetic response to light under steady and non-steady states between the single leaf and whole plant in and to investigate the mechanisms underlying these differences with respect to leaf aging. First, we developed an open system for gas exchange measurement of the whole plant of Arabidopsis.

Development of a Pharyngeal Residue Level Assessment Index Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) Acoustic Analysis: A Study Protocol.

The swallowing function is often compromised immediately after general anesthesia owing to the effects of anesthetic agents. Consequently, pharyngeal residue may accumulate, which increases the risk of aspiration during the perioperative period. Therefore, we designed a single-arm, open-label study, developing an artificial intelligence (AI)-based acoustic analyzer for quantifying pharyngeal residues and evaluating its efficacy.

Side-by-side versus stent-in-stent technique for stent deployment during systemic chemotherapy in biliary tract cancer patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction.

Objectives: With the improved prognosis of patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) owing to advances in chemotherapy, long-term stent patency has become an important goal in patients undergoing biliary stent placement. We compared the duration of stent patency between unresectable BTC patients undergoing multi-stenting for malignant hilar biliary obstruction by the side-by-side (SBS) and stent-in-stent (SIS) techniques during systemic chemotherapy.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the data of 62 unresectable BTC patients who underwent multi-stenting before the first or second cycle of first-line chemotherapy.

Identification of a comprehensive set of transcriptional regulators involved in the long-term survivability of Escherichia coli in soil.

Bacteria that typically do not thrive in soil can survive therein for long periods. While much research has been conducted on the external environmental factors affecting the long-term survival of bacteria in soil, their inherent factors are poorly understood. To adapt to environmental changes, bacteria alter their gene expression patterns using transcriptional regulators such as sigma factors.