Patterns of HIV-1 drug resistance among HIV-infected patients receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy in Novosibirsk Region, Russia.

Objectives: Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs have played a vital role in controlling the HIV-1 epidemic; however, some challenges remain. ARV drugs vary in their ability to control HIV infection, displaying differences in treatment-limiting factors and genetic barriers to resistance. The current report assesses the prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations (DRMs) among patients who failed first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) and evaluates the genetic barrier of different regimens.

Synthesis, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of New 3-Aryl-5-pyrrolo[1,2-]imidazole and 5-Imidazo[1,2-]azepine Quaternary Salts.

A series of novel 3-aryl-5-pyrrolo[1,2-]imidazole and 5-imidazo[1,2-]azepine quaternary salts were synthesized in 58-85% yields via the reaction of 3-aryl-6, 7-dihydro-5-pyrrolo[1,2-]imidazoles or 3-aryl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5-imidazo[1,2-]azepines and various alkylating reagents. All compounds were characterized by H NMR, C NMR, and LC-MS. The conducted screening studies of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the new quaternary salts derivatives established that 15 of the 18 newly synthesized compounds show antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Synthesis, antibacterial and antifungal activity of new 3-biphenyl-3H-Imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-1-ium bromides.

Novel 1-aryl-3-biphenyl-4-yl-3-hydroxy-2,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-3H-imidazo[1,2-a]azepin-1-ium bromides and their 2,5-dehydrogenated analogues were designed and synthesized using a reaction of aryl-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-azepin-2-yl)-amines with 1-biphenyl-4-yl-2-bromoethanone. Among the 16 novel compounds 5 derivatives displayed in vitro antimicrobial activity; while three of them showed promising activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans.

Synthesis and Biological Activity of New [1,3]Thiazolo[4,5-d]pyridazin-4(5H)-ones.

A series of novel 2-(N-pyrrolidino, N-piperidino or N-morpholino)-7-phenyl(α-furoyl or α-thienyl)-[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-d]pyridazinones 10a-c, 14-16a,b was synthesized in 78-87% yields via the reaction of methyl 5-benzoyl(α-furoyl or α-thienyl)-2-aminosubstituted-thiazol-4-carboxylates 9a-c, 13a-e with hydrazine. These new compounds have been tested for their in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. All compounds have been characterized by (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR spectroscopy, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

[Tactics of treatment of the acute cholecystitis complicated by choledocholithiasis].

In this article is present the comparative analysis of the results of different surgical approaches of 201 patients with acute cholecystitis complicated by choledocholithiasis. In the 1st group of 70 (34.8%) patients in the first stage of treatment applied percutaneous cholecystostomies (PC).