Vadose zone flushing of fertilizer tracked by isotopes of water and nitrate.

A substantial fraction of nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied in agricultural systems is not incorporated into crops and moves below the rooting zone as nitrate (NO ). Understanding mechanisms for soil N retention below the rooting zone and leaching to groundwater is essential for our ability to track the fate of added N. We used dual stable isotopes of nitrate ( N-NO and O-NO ) and water ( O-HO and H-HO) to understand the mechanisms driving nitrate leaching at three depths (0.

Pregnancy-Related Mortality Disparities During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

To compare pregnancy-related mortality ratios (PRMRs) associated with COVID-19 by race/ethnicity, by region of residence, and in states with and without Medicaid expansion. We used 2020-2021 data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research in our analysis. We stratified PRMRs by race/ethnicity, census regions, and Medicaid expansion and nonexpansion states.

Team-based rehabilitation after mild traumatic brain injury - description of the clinical pathway.

Purpose: Describe clinical practice, inter-disciplinary clinical pathway and core principles of care within a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) rehabilitation team.

Methods: An observational study examined inter-disciplinary practice, nested within an observational trial investigating team-based mTBI rehabilitation. Data were collected to describe clinical service over 12 months.