Effects of an Hourly Bolus Postruminal Infusion of Flaxseed Oil or Palm Oil on Circulating Fatty Acid Concentrations and Hepatic Expression of Pyruvate Carboxylase and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase in Dairy Cattle.

Palmitic (C16:0), α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3 ), and propionate regulate bovine pyruvate carboxylase () and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase () expression in vitro. The objective of this experiment was to determine the impact of C16:0, C18:3n-3 , propionate, and acetate postruminal infusions on hepatic and expression. We hypothesized that circulating fatty acids alter hepatic and in lactating dairy cows.

Effects of increased doses of lysine in a rumen-protected form on plasma amino acid concentration and lactational performance of dairy cows fed a lysine-deficient diet.

The objective of these studies was to determine the effects of feeding a novel rumen-protected Lys (RP-Lys) product on plasma AA, lactational performance, and Lys bioavailability. To evaluate RP-Lys on lactation performance a corn-based diet (42.5% of corn silage and 21.

Transcriptome analysis reveals disruption of circadian rhythms in late gestation dairy cows may increase risk for fatty liver and reduced mammary remodeling.

Circadian disruption increased insulin resistance and decreased mammary development in late gestation, nonlactating (dry) cows. The objective was to measure the effect of circadian disruption on transcriptomes of the liver and mammary gland. At 35 days before expected calving (BEC), multiparous dry cows were assigned to either control (CON) or phase-shifted treatments (PS).

Caspases indirectly regulate cleavage of the mitochondrial fusion GTPase OPA1 in neurons undergoing apoptosis.

The critical processes of mitochondrial fission and fusion are regulated by members of the dynamin family of GTPases. Imbalances in mitochondrial fission and fusion contribute to neuronal cell death. For example, increased fission mediated by the dynamin-related GTPase, Drp1, or decreased fusion resulting from inactivating mutations in the OPA1 GTPase, causes neuronal apoptosis and/or neurodegeneration.

Induction of nitric-oxide synthase and activation of NF-kappaB by interleukin-12 p40 in microglial cells.

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is composed of two different subunits, p40 and p35. Expression of p40 mRNA but not that of p35 mRNA in excessive amount in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests that IL-12 p40 may have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. However, the mode of action of p40 is completely unknown.