Critical thinking: what does it mean in the care of elderly hospitalized patients?

In today's complex healthcare environment, it is more important than ever that nurses possess critical thinking skills to provide optimal care for their patients. This article offers a definition of critical thinking for nurses and describes the importance of critical thinking in the care of our growing elderly patient population. Examples related to geriatric nursing care, including acute care, dementia care, and end-of-life care, are provided to reinforce the importance of critical thinking and its benefits to our elderly patient population.

Evidence for opioid variability, Part 2: Psychosocial influences.

There is substantial evidence to show that certain biological and psychosocial factors affect opioid requirements after surgery. In fact, evidence suggests that individuals are much more likely to be different rather than similar in how they sense pain, react to it and respond to therapy. In an earlier report (Seminars in Perioperative Nursing 10:3-16, 2001), we examined research related to the biological differences that explain variability in postoperative opioid use and defined relevant terminology.

Evidence for opioid variability, Part 1: A biological perspective.

The interplay of biological and pyschosocial factors explain the unique individual differences in opioid requirements that occur among postoperative patients. Nurses must be familiar with the physiologic mechanisms that influence opioid analgesia. Despite growing evidence that doses of opioid analgesics needed to achieve pain relief vary significantly from patient to patient, standardized dosing regimens continue to drive administration of medications for postoperative pain.

Genome-wide, large-scale production of mutant mice by ENU mutagenesis.

In the post-genome era, the mouse will have a major role as a model system for functional genome analysis. This requires a large number of mutants similar to the collections available from other model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we report on a systematic, genome-wide, mutagenesis screen in mice.