Clinical and molecular identification of Newcastle disease virus in naturally infected chicks in Thi-Qar province of Iraq.

Background: In poultry, despite intense vaccination programs for prevention of Newcastle disease (ND), the ND infection still affects, causing high mortality in most vaccinated flocks.

Aim: This study aimed to determine whether the genetic material of the ND virus has changed and has become incompatible with the vaccines used in Iraq.

Methods: Real-time PCR was used to analyze genetic variation in the fusion (F) and haemaggluatination neuraminidase (HN) genes, as well as mRNA expression changes in inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6, interleukin-1 beta (IL-6, IL-1β), and gamma interferon (IFN-γ).

Persistent Post-dural Puncture Headaches One Year After Lumbar Puncture: A Case Report.

Post-dural puncture headaches usually occur when the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks due to trauma to the dura mater. This often results in spontaneous intracranial hypotension characterized by orthostatic headaches, neck stiffness, and nausea. In this case report, we discuss a 20-year-old male patient who developed symptoms of intracranial hypotension one year following a lumbar puncture.

Factors contributing to road traffic accidents in the Gaza Strip a comprehensive analysis.

Road traffic crashes (RTCs) are considered one of the major public health issues in many countries worldwide. Investigating factors of traffic crashes, accidents, and disasters can facilitate and aid in identifying measures to mitigate their frequency and severity as well as occurrence and impact, thereby enhancing road safety. This study aims to investigate the factors that contribute to road traffic accidents in the Gaza Strip, Palestine.

Bias in machine learning applications to address non-communicable diseases at a population-level: a scoping review.

Background: Machine learning (ML) is increasingly used in population and public health to support epidemiological studies, surveillance, and evaluation. Our objective was to conduct a scoping review to identify studies that use ML in population health, with a focus on its use in non-communicable diseases (NCDs). We also examine potential algorithmic biases in model design, training, and implementation, as well as efforts to mitigate these biases.

"High specificity of PCR in diagnosing mucocutaneous leshminiasis: a systematic review and meta analysis".

Background: Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) is a severe form of leishmaniasis causing chronic and destructive lesions. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Traditional methods, such as the Montenegro skin test is delayed hypersensitivity test.