Cerebral Artery Vasoconstriction is Endothelin-1 Dependent Requiring Neurogenic and Adrenergic Crosstalk.

Background: The regulation of cerebral arterial vasomotor tone involves several mechanisms. The role of sympathetic nerves and the adrenergic neurotransmitter, noradrenaline (NA), has been the subject of debate for decades. Moreover, the specific role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in cerebral arterial vasoconstriction has not been elucidated to date.

A comparison of rural versus urban trauma care.

Objective: We compared the survival of trauma patients in urban versus rural settings after the implementation of a novel rural non-trauma center alternative care model called the Model Rural Trauma Project (MRTP).

Materials And Methods: We conducted an observational cohort study of all trauma patients brought to eight rural northern California hospitals and two southern California urban trauma centers over a one-year period (1995-1996). Trauma patients with an injury severity score (ISS) of >10 were included in the study.

Anesthesia through an intraosseous line using an 18-gauge intravenous needle for emergency pediatric surgery.

Study Objective: To describe the success and complication rate of intraosseous (IO) access for delivery of anesthesia with the use of an 18-gauge (G) intravenous (IV) needle.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Children's Welfare Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq.

Genetic circuit performance under conditions relevant for industrial bioreactors.

Synthetic genetic programs promise to enable novel applications in industrial processes. For such applications, the genetic circuits that compose programs will require fidelity in varying and complex environments. In this work, we report the performance of two synthetic circuits in Escherichia coli under industrially relevant conditions, including the selection of media, strain, and growth rate.

Concomitant extracellular accumulation of alpha-keto acids and higher alcohols by Zygosaccharomyces rouxii.

Alpha-keto acids are key intermediates in the formation of higher alcohols, important flavor components in soy sauce, and produced by the salt-tolerant yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. Unlike most of the higher alcohols, the alpha-keto acids are usually not extracellularly accumulated by Z. rouxii when it is cultivated with ammonium as the sole nitrogen source.