Limbic encephalitis due to GABAB and AMPA receptor antibodies: a case series.

Background: Two novel antibodies (abs) directed to γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor (GABA(B)R) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) in patients with limbic encephalitis (LE) were first described by the Philadelphia/Barcelona groups and confirmed by the Mayo group. We present a novel series for further clinical and paraclinical refinement.

Methods: Serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from a diagnostic laboratory were selected if found to be positive for GABA(B)R or AMPAR abs within a broad antineuronal ab panel.

[Self-experienced vulnerability, prodromic symptoms and coping strategies before schizophrenic and affective episodes].

For the first time, the present study explores self-experienced vulnerability, prodromal symptoms and coping strategies preceding schizophrenic and affective episodes. 33 schizophrenic and 29 depressive patients were assessed retrospectively for preepisodic alterations by means of the "Bonn Scale for the Assessment of Basic Symptoms- BSABS" after complete recovery from the acute episode. 97% of the schizophrenic and 93% of the depressive patients showed preepisodic alterations.