Diversity in the internal functional feeding elements of sympatric morphs of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus).

The diversity of functional feeding anatomy is particularly impressive in fishes and correlates with various interspecific ecological specializations. Intraspecific polymorphism can manifest in divergent feeding morphology and ecology, often along a benthic-pelagic axis. Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) is a freshwater salmonid known for morphological variation and sympatric polymorphism and in Lake Þingvallavatn, Iceland, four morphs of charr coexist that differ in preferred prey, behaviour, habitat use, and external feeding morphology.

Can simulation improve the traditional method of root cause analysis: a preliminary investigation.

Introduction: The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations recommendations for conducting root cause analysis (RCA) include identifying "root causes" and "common-cause variation" rather than "proximate causes" and "special-cause variation" to create interventions. Simulation for health care RCA is a novel technique but has not been compared with traditional RCA methods.

Methods: All of the RCAs of adverse events conducted at Tulane Hospital between September 2010 and September 2011 were reviewed.

Pharmaceutical fingerprinting: evaluation of neural networks and chemometric techniques for distinguishing among same-product manufacturers.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate several computer-based classifiers as potential tools for pharmaceutical fingerprinting by utilizing normalized data obtained from HPLC trace organic impurity patterns. To assess the utility of this approach, samples of L-tryptophan (LT) drug substance were analyzed from commercial production lots of six different manufacturers. The performance of several artificial neural network (ANN) architectures was compared with that of two standard chemometric methods, K-nearest neighbors (KNN) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), as well as with a panel of human experts.

Thrombolytic therapy in an isolated limb.

Intraoperative thrombolytic therapy is a useful adjunct to balloon catheter thromboembolectomy for treatment of acute embolism or thrombosis, but the technique is frequently limited by incomplete thrombolysis and systemic hemorrhage. In an attempt to improve results and reduce complications of conventional thrombolytic therapy, urokinase was infused into a limb that was isolated with a tourniquet. This isolated limb perfusion technique was initially developed in an animal model and subsequently used for limb salvage in patients who failed thromboembolectomy.