Establishment of reference intervals for free light chains and immunoglobulins in Saudi population.

Objectives: Testing of serum-free light chains kappa (κ) and lambda (λ), along with ratio (FLCR) is essential for the diagnosis and management of monoclonal gammopathies. Accurate clinical diagnosis depends upon appropriate local population reference intervals (RIs). This study examined the Saudi population for serum-free light chains and other immunoglobulins to establish RIs and to explore variations in the test results by using the International Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine's global protocol for harmonized implementation of RI study.

Comparison of Point-of-Care and Laboratory Glycated Hemoglobin A1c and Its Relationship to Time-in-Range and Glucose Variability: A Real-World Study.

Introduction The main objective of the current study was to perform a comparison of point-of-care testing for hemoglobin A1c (POCT-HbA1c) versus the standard laboratory method (Lab HbA1c) and their relationship to time-in-range (TIR) and glucose variability (GV) among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) presented to the outpatient diabetes clinics. Methods This single-center cross-sectional study was carried out on diabetic patients (aged ≥14 years of both genders) who undergo routine follow-up at our institution and whose physicians ordered HbA1c analysis for routine care. The included patients were those using the intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) Abbott's FreeStyle Libre system for at least three months and regular CGM users with at least 70% use.

Level of Agreement and Correlation Between the Estimated Hemoglobin A1c Results Derived by Continuous or Conventional Glucose Monitoring Systems Compared with the Point-of-Care or Laboratory-Based Measurements: An Observational Study.

Introduction: Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) is an important marker for diabetes care management. With the increasing use of new technologies such as continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and point-of-care testing (POCT), patients and their physicians have been able to monitor and continuously check their blood glucose levels in an efficient and timely manner. This study aimed to investigate the level of agreement between the standard laboratory test for HbA1c (Lab-HbA1c) with point-of-care testing (POCT-HbA1c) and glucose monitoring index (GMI) derived by intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM) or estimated average glucose (eAG) derived by conventional self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) devices.

Immunohistochemistry of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in spleens of mice treated with gold nanoparticles.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) possess considerable biocompatibility and therefore gaining more attention for their biomedical applications. Previous studies have shown the transient increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in different organs of rats and mice exposed to AuNPs. Structural changes in the spleen of mice treated with AuNPs have also been reported.

Biomarker potential of C-peptide for screening of insulin resistance in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.

Insulin resistance is a hallmark feature of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We determined the homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and evaluated its association with C-peptide, insulin, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in T2DM patients and non-diabetic subjects. This study comprised a total of 47 T2DM patients and 38 non-diabetic controls.