Biogeographic Considerations for Fish-Based Indices of Stream Health in Regions with High Species Richness and Endemism: A Perspective from the Southeastern US.

Agencies monitoring aquatic ecosystems desire to accurately measure the similarity of species assemblages to undisturbed states to assess ecological "health". Over the past century, numerous fish-based indices have been developed to estimate the abstract property of stream health. The Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) is the predominant technique used by state and federal agencies in the United States and has been widely used by these agencies following its inception over 40 years ago.

Microsatellite break-induced replication generates highly mutagenized extrachromosomal circular DNAs.

Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) are produced from all regions of the eucaryotic genome. We used inverse PCR of non-B microsatellites capable of forming hairpin, triplex, quadruplex and AT-rich structures integrated at a common ectopic chromosomal site to show that these non-B DNAs generate highly mutagenized eccDNAs by replication-dependent mechanisms. Mutagenesis occurs within the non-B DNAs and extends several kilobases bidirectionally into flanking and nonallelic DNA.

Biomechanical evaluation of the modified lasso technique.

Background: The Terrible Triad of the elbow is a constellation of elbow dislocation, radial head fracture and coronoid process fracture. A common type of coronoid fracture documented with this triad is type II Regan-Morrey coronoid fractures. The preferred fixation method for this fracture type is the lasso technique, medial-lateral tunnel orientation being the traditional approach.

Microsatellite break-induced replication generates highly mutagenized extrachromosomal circular DNAs.

Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) are produced from all regions of the eucaryotic genome. In tumors, highly transcribed eccDNAs have been implicated in oncogenesis, neoantigen production and resistance to chemotherapy. Here we show that unstable microsatellites capable of forming hairpin, triplex, quadruplex and AT-rich structures generate eccDNAs when integrated at a common ectopic site in human cells.