Cannibalism and competition can increase parasite abundance for parasites with complex life history strategies.

Ecological interactions among hosts are critical to consider when predicting disease dynamics. Most theory predicts that intraguild predation (IGP) and cannibalism negatively impact parasite populations, but this is based primarily on assumptions of simple or single-host life cycles. Here we investigate the effects of cannibalism in a size-structured host population on two digenean trematodes that have complex, multihost life cycles.

Validation of Neuro-QoL and PROMIS Mental Health Patient Reported Outcome Measures in Persons with Huntington Disease.

Background: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for mental health are important for persons with Huntington disease (HD) who commonly experience symptoms of depression, anxiety, irritability, anger, aggression, and apathy. Given this, there is a need for reliable and valid patient-reported outcomes measures of mental health for use as patient-centered outcomes in clinical trials.

Objective: Thus, the purpose of this study was to establish the psychometric properties (i.

Motor-free composites from the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) for people with disabilities.

Purpose/objective: The National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) includes a group of brief measures (i.e., 30 min) designed to assess language, processing speed, working memory, episodic memory, and executive functioning.

Construct validity of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery in individuals with stroke.

Objective: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox (NIHTB) for the Assessment of Behavior and Neurological Function Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) provides a brief assessment (approximately 30 min) of key components of cognition. This article examines construct validity to support the clinical utility of the NIHTB-CB in individuals with stroke.

Research Method: A total of 131 individuals with stroke (n = 71 mild stroke; n = 60 moderate/severe stroke) completed the NIHTB-CB.

Evaluating cognition in individuals with Huntington disease: Neuro-QoL cognitive functioning measures.

Purpose: Cognitive functioning impacts health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for individuals with Huntington disease (HD). The Neuro-QoL includes two patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures of cognition-Executive Function (EF) and General Concerns (GC). These measures have not previously been validated for use in HD.