A phase II open-label trial of avelumab plus axitinib in previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer or treatment-naïve, cisplatin-ineligible urothelial cancer.

Background: We hypothesized that avelumab plus axitinib could improve clinical outcomes in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or urothelial carcinoma (UC).

Patients And Methods: We enrolled previously treated patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC, or untreated, cisplatin-ineligible patients with advanced or metastatic UC. Patients received avelumab 800 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) and axitinib 5 mg orally two times daily.

Mixed-Valence Superstructure Assembled from a Mixed-Valence Host-Guest Complex.

Herein, we report an unprecedented mixed-valence crystal superstructure that consists of a 2:1 host-guest complex [MV⊂(CBPQT)] [MV = methyl viologen, CBPQT = cyclobis(paraquat- p-phenylene)]. One electron is distributed statistically between three [MV⊂(CBPQT)] composed of a total of 15 viologen units. The mixed-valence state is validated by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, which supports an empirical formula of [MV⊂(CBPQT)]·(PF) for the body-centered cubic superstructure.

Would a madman have been so wise as this?" The effects of source credibility and message credibility on validation.

Readers rapidly check new information against prior knowledge during validation, but research is inconsistent as to whether source credibility affects validation. We argue that readers are likely to accept highly plausible assertions regardless of source, but that high source credibility may boost acceptance of claims that are less plausible based on general world knowledge. In Experiment 1, participants read narratives with assertions for which the plausibility varied depending on the source.

Photoinduced Charge and Energy Transfer within meta- and para-Linked Chlorophyll a-Perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) Donor-Acceptor Dyads.

Connecting electron donors and acceptors to a benzene ring in a meta or para relationship results in quantum interference effects that can strongly influence charge separation (CS) and charge recombination (CR) processes in these systems. We report on the energy and electron transfer behavior of chlorophyll-based para- and meta-linked donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) dyads, where the semisynthetic chlorophyll a derivative, zinc methyl 3-ethyl-pyrochlorophyllide a (D), is covalently attached at its 20-position to the para position of one phenyl of diphenylacetylene (B). The meta or para position of the phenyl in B distal to the donor is in turn attached to perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDI) (A).

Redox Control of the Binding Modes of an Organic Receptor.

The modulation of noncovalent bonding interactions by redox processes is a central theme in the fundamental understanding of biological systems as well as being ripe for exploitation in supramolecular science. In the context of host-guest systems, we demonstrate in this article how the formation of inclusion complexes can be controlled by manipulating the redox potential of a cyclophane. The four-electron reduction of cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) to its neutral form results in altering its binding properties while heralding a significant change in its stereoelectronic behavior.