Not All Bark Beetles Smell the Same: Population-Level Functional Olfactory Polymorphisms in Ips typographus Pheromone Receptor ItypOR33.

Eurasian spruce bark beetle Ips typographus, a natural part of forest ecosystems, is a major threat to Norway spruce forests during outbreaks. Olfaction plays a crucial role in the survival and range expansion of these beetles, amid forest disturbances and climate change. As the current management strategies are suboptimal for controlling outbreaks, the reverse chemical ecology approaches based on pheromone receptors offer promising alternatives.

Exploring the burden of cholera in the WHO African region: patterns and trends from 2000 to 2023 cholera outbreak data.

Introduction: Cholera outbreaks remain persistent in the WHO African region, with an increased trend in recent years. This study analyses actual drivers of cholera including correlations with water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) indicators, and climate change trends.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study.

Determining the optimal gamma irradiation dose for developing novel cowpea () genotypes.

Purpose: Cowpea ( (L.) Walp.) is a major legume crops for human consumption and livestock feed in tropical regions.

Genetic diversity and population structure of cowpea mutant collection using SSR and ISSR molecular markers.

Cowpea is a seed legume, important for food and nutritional security in Africa's arid and semi-arid zones. Despite its importance, cowpea is experiencing a loss of genetic diversity due to climate change. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability of 33 cowpea mutant collections using 20 SSR and 13 ISSR markers.

Safety and efficacy of the blood-stage malaria vaccine RH5.1/Matrix-M in Burkina Faso: interim results of a double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 2b trial in children.

Background: Two pre-erythrocytic vaccines (R21/Matrix-M and RTS,S/AS01) are now approved for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, neither induces blood-stage immunity against parasites that break through from the liver. RH5.