Expert consensus and recommendations on the live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine and immunization practices in India.

While Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) vaccination in global immunization programs has shown a virtual elimination of the disease within few years of the vaccination program, changing epidemiological landscape in India underscores the need for evidence-based, updated guidance on immunization practices. In May 2024, a panel of 15 distinguished opinion leaders and an organizing committee convened for an intensive, face-to-face advisory board meeting on high burden of HAV infection among adults, increased mortality rate in adolescents, symptomatic presentation in children, and evolving landscape globally and within India. Extensive comparable deliberations on long-term follow-up data from India and data from country of origin advocated immunogenicity, tolerability, and long-term protective effects of single-dose live attenuated HAV vaccine in children.

Enteroendocrine Cells Sense Sucrose and Alter Enteric Neuron Excitability via Insulin Signaling.

Neurosensory circuits of the gastrointestinal tract sense microbial and nutrient changes in the gut; however, studying these circuits in vivo is hindered by invasive techniques and ethical concerns. Here, an in vitro model of enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and calcium reporting enteric neurons (ENs) is established and validated for functional signaling. Both mechanical and sucrose stimulation of co-cultures increased the percentage of neurons undergoing a calcium flux, indicating an action potential.

Observing the two-dimensional Bose glass in an optical quasicrystal.

The presence of disorder substantially influences the behaviour of physical systems. It can give rise to slow or glassy dynamics, or to a complete suppression of transport as in Anderson insulators, where normally extended wavefunctions such as light fields or electronic Bloch waves become exponentially localized. The combined effect of disorder and interactions is central to the richness of condensed-matter physics.

District mental health program: Then and now.

District Mental Health Program (DMHP) is part of the broader National Mental Health Program (NMHP) launched in 1982. In India, DMHP has evolved over the years, moving from a pilot project to an integrated component of the NMHP. Efforts have been made to expand services, protect the rights of individuals with mental illness, and integrate mental healthcare into the primary healthcare system.