Human vaccine candidates for infections caused by : A systematic review.

Background And Aims: There are many difficulties in treating , necessitating the creation of more preventative/therapeutic measures like vaccinations. However, after numerous attempts, there is still no authorized and widely accessible vaccine. The present study aimed to systematically review published studies on vaccines in human subjects/samples.

Investigating salivary matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in fixed orthodontic-induced gingival enlargement.

Background: Gingival enlargement (GE) is a common clinical observation among orthodontic patients, yet its underlying causes remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the potential involvement of salivary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activity in orthodontic-induced GE.

Materials And Methods: In this case-control study, we enrolled 50 subjects, including 25 individuals with GE and 25 without.

Highly sensitive label-free biosensor: graphene/CaF multilayer for gas, cancer, virus, and diabetes detection with enhanced quality factor and figure of merit.

One of the primary goals for the researchers is to create a high-quality sensor with a simple structure because of the urgent requirement to identify biomolecules at low concentrations to diagnose diseases and detect hazardous chemicals for health early on. Recently graphene has attracted much interest in the field of improved biosensors. Meanwhile, graphene with new materials such as CaF has been widely used to improve the applications of graphene-based sensors.

Numerical and analytical analysis of an ultrahigh sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor based on a black phosphorene/graphene heterostructure.

In this study, a surface plasmon resonance biosensor using angular interrogation based on a black phosphorene (BP) and graphene (G) heterostructure as two-dimensional materials are designed to enhance the sensitivity of conventional biosensors. The proposed structure is composed of eight layers: FK51A coupling prism, silver (Ag) thin film as the plasmonic metal, gold (Au) nanolayer in a protective role, BP nanosheets as an evanescent field enhancer, G monolayer as an immobilization process facilitator, DNA aptamer as biorecognition element, and phosphate buffered saline as a running buffer and sensing medium. To evaluate the performance of the proposed biosensor, analytical parameters such as minimum reflectivity ( ), sensitivity, as well as the full width at half-maximum (FWHM), detection accuracy (DA), and quality factor (QF) are systematically assessed by the use of the transfer matrix method analytically and the finite-difference time-domain method numerically, to validate each other.

Recent trends in aptamer-based nanobiosensors for detection of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) biomarker: A review.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a remarkable cytokine that plays an important role in regulating vascular formation during the angiogenesis process. Therefore, real-time detection and quantification of VEGF is essential for clinical diagnosis and treatment due to its overexpression in various tumors. Among various sensing strategies, the aptamer-based sensors in combination with biological molecules improve the detection ability VEGFs.