Longitudinal analysis of the ABCD® study.

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development® (ABCD) Study provides a unique opportunity to investigate developmental processes in a large, diverse cohort of youths, aged approximately 9-10 at baseline and assessed annually for 10 years. Given the size and complexity of the ABCD Study, researchers analyzing its data will encounter a myriad of methodological and analytical considerations. This review provides an examination of key concepts and techniques related to longitudinal analyses of the ABCD Study data, including: (1) characterization of the factors associated with variation in developmental trajectories; (2) assessment of how level and timing of exposures may impact subsequent development; (3) quantification of how variation in developmental domains may be associated with outcomes, including mediation models and reciprocal relationships.

Clinical Validation of Local Versus Commercial Genomic Testing in Cancer: A Comparison of Tissue and Plasma Concordance.

Genomic sequencing of tumours improves patient outcomes through implementation of precision oncology. At present, genomic testing is mainly confined to research settings, with samples sent to biopharmaceutical companies for analysis. The ever-expanding catalogue approved of targeted therapies has created an urgent unmet need for local genomic testing facilities, to enable upscaling of testing.

Observing Anthropogenic and Biogenic CO Emissions in Los Angeles Using a Dense Sensor Network.

Urban areas are major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, necessitating effective monitoring systems to evaluate mitigation strategies. A dense sensor network, such as the Berkeley Environmental Air-quality & CO Observation Network (BEACON), offers a unique opportunity to monitor urban emissions at high spatial resolution. Here, we describe a simple approach to quantifying urban emissions with sufficient precision to constrain seasonal and annual trends.

Activation of the conserved Hippo kinases by inflammasome-triggered proteolytic cleavage controls programmed cell death in macrophages.

The mammalian Hippo kinases, MST1 and MST2, regulate organ development and suppress tumor formation by balancing cell proliferation and death. In macrophages, inflammasomes detect molecular patterns from invading pathogens or damaged host cells and trigger programmed cell death. In addition to lytic pyroptosis, the signatures associated with apoptosis are induced by inflammasome activation, but how the inflammasomes coordinate different cell death processes remains unclear.

Structural Determinants of School Discipline: Examining State-Level Racial Bias and Neighborhood Opportunity.

Objective: Addressing the disproportionate use of school detentions and suspensions among Black youth is crucial for reducing educational and health disparities across the life span. Yet, few studies have explored external factors beyond school or individual characteristics as potential contributors to school discipline disparities, such as state-level racial bias and neighborhood opportunity.

Method: A subsample from the larger Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study was used (n = 8,668; mean age at baseline = 9.