An evaluation of a novel device for measuring eating, rumination, and inactive behaviors in lactating Holstein dairy cattle.

Validation of precision dairy-monitoring technologies establishes technology behavioral-monitoring efficacy for research and commercial application. Technology metrics should be associated with behaviors of known physiological importance. The objective of this research project was to evaluate the Nedap SmartTag Neck (Nedap Livestock Management, Groenlo, the Netherlands) for dairy cow behavior measuring accuracy.

Does emotion help or hinder reasoning? The moderating role of relevance.

Some prior research has shown that emotion impairs logicality in deductive reasoning tasks, while other research suggests improved performance with emotional contents. We suggest that relevance, whether the affective state is associated with the semantic contents of the reasoning task, may be crucial in explaining these apparently inconsistent findings. This hypothesis is based on a framework distinguishing between integral emotions, where affective responses are evoked by the semantic contents of the target task, and incidental emotions, where affective responses are not related to the task.

A lipoprotein-containing particle is transferred from the serum across the mammary epithelium into the milk of lactating mice.

To investigate the role of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the delivery of cholesterol to the mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation, we examined the distribution of radioactivity from (125)I-tyramine cellobiose-LDL injected into the tail vein of female mice at various stages of the reproductive cycle. Changes in the proportion of isotope taken up by the mammary gland largely reflected the increased weight of the gland in pregnancy and lactation. In addition, during lactation, radioactivity was found in the milk and was associated with a protein of the molecular weight of apoB-100.

Recruitment of nuclear receptor corepressor and coactivator to the retinoic acid receptor by retinoid ligands. Influence of DNA-heterodimer interactions.

Ligand activation of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) involves coordinated changes in their interaction with coregulatory molecules. Binding of the agonist all-trans-retinoic acid to the RAR results in increased interaction with coactivator molecules as well as a decreased interaction with corepressor molecules. Thus, an all-trans-retinoic acid antagonist might function either by preventing agonist induction of such events or, additionally, by actively increasing repression via corepressor recruitment.

Role of multiple CytR binding sites on cooperativity, competition, and induction at the Escherichia coli udp promoter.

The CytR repressor fulfills dual roles as both a repressor of transcription from promoters of the Escherichia coli CytR regulon and a co-activator in some circumstances. Transcription is repressed by a three-protein complex (cAMP receptor protein (CRP)-CytR-CRP) that is stabilized by cooperative interactions between CRP and CytR. However, cooperativity also means that CytR can recruit CRP and, by doing so, can act as a co-activator.