Neurometabolic Effect of Altaian Fungus Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi Mushroom) in Rats Under Moderate Alcohol Consumption.

Background: The medications produced from natural products are widely used as prophylactics for sickness induced by alcohol consumption. One such prophylactic is produced from the Reishi mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum. Because of the antioxidant properties of these preparations, we expect neuroprotective prophylactic effects of Reishi-based medications in alcohol-treated animals.

[Variation of the cytoplasm type in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) upon inbreeding. The influence of hybridization].

Hybrid combinations of inbred sugar beet lines that undergo conversion of N-cytoplasm into S-state were screened for the marker mitochondrial genes atpA and atp6. The involvement of nuclear factors into cytoplasm conversion and possible identity of these factors in different lines have been studied. The cytoplasm conversion factor was localized to nucleus.

Expression of mitochondrial genes in fertile and sterile sugar beet cytoplasms with different nuclear fertility restorer genes.

Variations in mitochondrial genome organization and in its expression between fertile, sterile sugar beet lines and fertile nuclear-restored plants were studied. Southern blot hybridization with COXI, COXII, COB and atpA mitochondrial genes as probes showed that changes in the mitochondrial genome organization of sterile lines are associated with variations in the location of COB, atpA and COXII, but not COXI. When the COXII and atpA genes were used as hybridization probes, differences in the primary structure of mitochondrial DNAs from sterile lines of different origin were revealed.

Molecular characterization of mitochondrial DNA of different subtypes of male-sterile cytoplasms of the sugar beet Beta vulgaris L.

Mitochondrial (mt) DNA from eight cytoplasmic male-sterile (cms) lines of sugar beet from different breeding stations was investigated by restriction fragment analysis and Southern hybridization. All cms lines showed similar but not identical restriction and hybridization signal patterns, readily distinguishable from those of fertile (N) cytoplasm. Digestion of the mtDNA with BamHI, EcoRI, SalI, and XhoI revealed distinct differences between the sterile lines, and six subtypes of the S cytoplasm could be distinguished.

High-rate spontaneous reversion to cytoplasmic male sterility in sugar beet: a characterization of the mitochondrial genomes.

Among the fertile sugar beet lines with nuclear sterility maintenance genes, rf, in a homozygous recessive state, sublines capable of reverting spontaneously at a high rate to sterility were identified. Of 24 related fertile sublines studied, 6 were found to spontaneously revert to sterility with a frequency of about 19%. Genetic analysis confirmed the cytoplasmic nature of spontaneously arising sterility.