Investigating Child Abuse in Sports: An Ecological Systems Perspective.

Background: This study examines child abuse in sports environments through Ecological Systems Theory, revealing the multifaceted nature of abuse and the impact of environmental factors at various levels.

Methods: With a study design using the phenomenology approach, a qualitative research method, data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 11 Turkish participants, including 5 athletes, 4 coaches, and 2 academics with coaching experience in Sports Sciences. Thematic analysis was used to evaluate the data, categorizing findings into four levels: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem.

Adding Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation to Supplemental Oxygen During Exercise Training in Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is currently the fourth leading cause of death in the world. Pulmonary rehabilitation is recommended for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Material And Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of non-invasive ventilation, supplemental oxygen, and exercise training and supplemental oxygen during exercise training during pulmonary rehabilitation practice in comparison with only exercise training on lung functions, blood gases, lactate levels, respiratory muscle pressures, dyspnea, walking distances, quality of life, and depression in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Stable hemiaminals from axially chiral pyridine compounds.

In this study, we have synthesized a series of 3-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(pyridin-2-ylimino)thiazolidin-4-ol derivatives regioselectively from 2-iminothiazolidin-4-ones using LiAlH at room temperature. Due to the presence of the restricted rotation around the N3-C single bond, the formation of M/P isomers was observed. The OH group of the hemiaminal was found to orient itself on the same side with pyridyl nitrogen during this restricted rotation to form an intramolecular hydrogen bond, which was demonstrated by the computational DFT study.

Synthesis of thiazol-2-imines from the reduction of single enantiomer 2-imino-thiazolidin-4-ones followed by a spontaneous water elimination.

Chiral hemiaminals (5-8RR and 5-8SS) have been synthesized from the corresponding 2-iminothiazolidine-4-ones (1-4RR and 1-4SS) by LiAlH reductions stereoselectively and were then converted to single enantiomer thiazol-2-imines (9-12RR and 9-12SS) by a water elimination reaction. The kinetics of the dehydration reactions which occurred spontaneously both in the solid state and in the solution have been followed by time dependent H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The corresponding first order rate constants and free energies of activation values for the conversions have been reported.

Advanced Injectable Alternatives for Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common form of arthritis, which is characterized by progressive degradation of joint cartilage resulting in pain, joint stiffness, deformity and disability that is also recently related to an increased incidence of mortality. Inhibition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) production by chondrocytes and accumulation of catabolic mediators associated with matrix degradation are the cause of OA. Nonsurgical treatments for OA can be characterised as symptom-modifying or disease-modifying approaches.