Yaws in Africa: Past, Present and Future.

Yaws is an infectious, neglected tropical disease that affects the skin of many children and adolescents who live in poor, rural, low-income communities in humid, tropical areas of Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Yaws is currently endemic in at least 15 countries, but adequate surveillance data are lacking. In line with the WHO's effort to improve early detection, diagnosis, and proper management leading to the eventual eradication of yaws, this article reviews the existing literature on yaws in Africa to highlight the epidemiological pattern, genetic variability, diagnosis modalities, treatment, and control strategies, the challenges and prospects for yaws eradication.

Insulin resistance, cognition, and functional brain network topology in older adults with obesity.

Objective: Cross-sectional data from a sample of older adults with obesity was used to determine how peripheral and neuronal insulin resistance (IR) relate to executive function and functional brain network topology.

Methods: Older adults (n=71) with obesity but without type 2 diabetes were included. Peripheral IR was quantified by HOMA2-IR.

Protocol to perform ex vivo electroretinography on adult zebrafish.

Ex vivo electroretinography (ERG) provides insight into the health and functionality of retinal cells, the integrity of phototransduction, and the visual cycle and allows for the direct application of pharmaceuticals to the retinal tissues. Here, we present a protocol for performing ex vivo ERG on adult zebrafish. We describe steps for zebrafish tissue dissection, mounting tissues, and assembling and connecting cassettes.

Induction of Antigen-Specific Tolerance in a Multiple Sclerosis Model without Broad Immunosuppression.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe autoimmune disorder that wreaks havoc on the central nervous system, leading to a spectrum of motor and cognitive impairments. There is no cure, and current treatment strategies rely on broad immunosuppression, leaving patients vulnerable to infections. To address this problem, our approach aims to induce antigen-specific tolerance, a much-needed shift in MS therapy.