DAMPs, PAMPs, NLRs, RIGs, CLRs and TLRs - Understanding the Alphabet Soup in the Context of Bone Biology.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to summarize the current understanding of cell-autonomous innate immune pathways that contribute to bone homeostasis and disease.

Recent Findings: Germ-line encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are the first line of defense against danger and infections. In the bone microenvironment, PRRs and downstream signaling pathways, that mount immune defense, interface intimately with the core cellular processes in bone cells to alter bone formation and resorption.

Scope of work and contributions of female community health volunteers in Nepal's healthcare sector: a qualitative study.

Objectives: To determine the perception of female community health volunteers (FCHVs) in terms of their scope of work, impact of work on their professional experiences and their coping strategies and stakeholders' perception of FCHVs programme, their contribution to the health sector and its sustainability.

Design: A qualitative study involving in-depth interviews (IDIs) with FCHVs and key informant interviews (KIIs) with local stakeholders. All the interviews were conducted through telephone.

Controlled Nitrogen Release by Hydroxyapatite Nanomaterials in Leaves Enhances Plant Growth and Nitrogen Uptake.

Nitrogen fertilizer delivery inefficiencies limit crop productivity and contribute to environmental pollution. Herein, we developed Zn- and Fe-doped hydroxyapatite nanomaterials (ZnHAU, FeHAU) loaded with urea (∼26% N) through hydrogen bonding and metal-ligand interactions. The nanomaterials attach to the leaf epidermal cuticle and localize in the apoplast of leaf epidermal cells, triggering a slow N release at acidic conditions (pH 5.

Green Synthesis and Biological Aspect of Seven-Membered Azepine Hybrids: A Recent Update".

Seven-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles, particularly azepine-based compounds, represent an intriguing class of molecules with vast arrays of applications. These compounds have garnered considerable attention in synthetic and medicinal chemistry due to their non-planar, non-aromatic features, which offer structural flexibility and diversity to design new drugs with improved pharmacological properties. This review summarizes the recent advances in the synthesis of azepine derivatives, including eco-friendly methodologies that align with the principles of green chemistry, which emphasize atom economy, sustainability, and waste reduction.