Factors Associated with Pediatric Drowning-Associated Lung Injury.

Objective: To identify risk factors for clinically-important drowning-associated lung injury (ciDALI) in children.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study of children (0 through18 years) who presented to 32 pediatric emergency departments (EDs) from 2010 through 2017. We reviewed demographics, comorbidities, prehospital data, chest radiographs reports, and ED course from emergency medical services, medical, and fatality records.

Multiple marginalized identities: A qualitative exploration of intersectional perinatal experiences of birthing people of color with substance use disorder in Massachusetts.

Introduction: Racial and ethnic inequities persist in receipt of prenatal care, mental health services, and addiction treatment for pregnant and postpartum individuals with substance use disorder (SUD). Further qualitative work is needed to understand the intersectionality of racial and ethnic discrimination, stigma related to substance use, and gender bias on perinatal SUD care from the perspectives of affected individuals.

Methods: Peer interviewers conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with recently pregnant people of color with SUD in Massachusetts to explore the impact of internalized, interpersonal, and structural racism on prenatal, birthing, and postpartum experiences.

A Case of Community-Acquired Tuberculosis in an Infant Presenting with Pneumonia Refractory to Antibiotic Therapy.

Unlabelled: Infant tuberculosis (TB) is a rare but potentially deadly infection and difficult to diagnose, especially in infants who may present with non-specific symptoms. Here, we report a case of an United States-born term infant with community-acquired miliary TB and no confirmed TB exposure history. The patient initially presented with respiratory distress at seven weeks of life with chest radiograph showing a right lower lobe (RLL) infiltrate.

Limited Utility of Toxicology Testing at Delivery for Perinatal Cannabis Use.

Objectives: To describe the characteristics of individuals undergoing toxicology testing at delivery for a sole indication of cannabis use and to evaluate the rate of unexpected positive toxicology testing results among this cohort.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included dyads with a maternal history of cannabis use who underwent peripartum toxicology testing between 2016 and 2020 at 5 birthing hospitals in Massachusetts. We collected information on maternal demographic characteristics and toxicology test results and reviewed records of dyads with unexpected positive results to identify additional social risk factors and clinical outcomes.

Exploring pulmonary distribution of intratracheally instilled liquid foams in excised porcine lungs.

The applicability of inhalation therapy to some severe pulmonary conditions is often compromised by limited delivery rates (i.e. total dose) and low deposition efficiencies in the respiratory tract, most notably in the deep pulmonary acinar airways.