US County-Level Variation in Preterm Birth Rates, 2007-2019.

Importance: Preterm birth is a leading cause of preventable neonatal morbidity and mortality. Preterm birth rates at the national level may mask important geographic variation in rates and trends at the county level.

Objective: To estimate age-standardized preterm birth rates by US county from 2007 to 2019.

Health, economic, and equity consequences of future tobacco control policies in England: a microsimulation study.

Background: Smoking still generates a huge, costly, and inequitable burden of disease. The UK tobacco-free generation target to reduce smoking prevalence to below 5% by 2030 will be missed if current trends continue. We aimed to determine whether additional policies could speed progress towards meeting the tobacco-free generation target.

Putting a price on healthy eating: public perceptions of the need for further food pricing policies in the UK.

Background: Understand factors that influence food choice and explore public perceptions of the need for government policies to improve diets in the UK, particularly food pricing interventions.

Methods: A qualitative study design was used with semi-structured interviews. The study was carried out in Greater Manchester, England.

Projections of future coronary heart disease and stroke mortality in Japan until 2040: a Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis.

Background: We aimed to estimate the future burden of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke mortalities by sex and all 47 prefectures of Japan until 2040 while accounting for effects of age, period, and cohort and integrating them to be at the national level to account for regional differences among prefectures.

Methods: We estimated future CHD and stroke mortality projections, developing Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) models in population and the number of CHD and stroke by age, sex, and all 47 prefectures observed from 1995 to 2019; then applying these to official future population estimates until 2040. The present participants were all men and women aged over 30 years and were residents of Japan.

Association of Birth Year of Pregnant Individuals With Trends in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in the United States, 1995-2019.

Importance: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are leading causes of morbidity and mortality among pregnant individuals as well as newborns, with increasing incidence during the past decade. Understanding the individual associations of advancing age of pregnant individuals at delivery, more recent delivery year (period), and more recent birth year of pregnant individuals (cohort) with adverse trends in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy could help guide public health efforts to improve the health of pregnant individuals.

Objective: To clarify the independent associations of delivery year and birth year of pregnant individuals, independent of age of pregnant individuals, with incident rates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.