A new class of penicillin-binding protein inhibitors to address drug-resistant .

β-Lactams are the most widely used antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections because of their proven track record of safety and efficacy. However, susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics is continually eroded by resistance mechanisms. Emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains possessing altered alleles (encoding PBP2) pose a global health emergency as they threaten the utility of ceftriaxone, the last remaining outpatient antibiotic.

Trachoma Impact Survey Results from 31 Woredas in Tigray Region, Ethiopia.

Purpose: Baseline surveys were conducted in Tigray region, Ethiopia, in 2013. Since then, rounds of azithromycin mass drug administration (MDA) have been delivered in-line with international guidance. The purpose of these surveys was to assess trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) prevalence following those treatments to enable the region to plan the next steps towards elimination of trachoma.

Atypical presentation of disseminated mycobacteriosis due to Mycobacterium avium in an aged cat.

In cats, mycobacteriosis tends to present in a syndromic manner, with cases either being due to tuberculosis (TB) (in countries where TB is endemic), one of the "leprosy-like" diseases affecting the skin and subcutis, panniculitis caused by infection of subcutaneous tissues generally with rapidly growing Mycobacteria spp. or widely disseminated granulomatous disease, which is usually caused by members of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC). Disseminated MAC disease is rare, but when it occurs, usually develops in immunocompromised hosts with defective cell-mediated immunity.

HR-pQCT measurements of changes in periarticular bone density and microarchitecture one year after acute knee injury and after reconstructive surgery.

ACL injuries commonly lead to post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), but the underlying mechanism is not well-understood. One theorized mechanism is pathological bone remodelling following an ACL tear, for which high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) is uniquely positioned to investigate in vivo in humans. In this study, we longitudinally investigate the one-year changes in periarticular bone density and microarchitecture in the human knee following an ACL tear and reconstructive surgery using data sampled from an on-going observational cohort study.

Tracking of spaceflight-induced bone remodeling reveals a limited time frame for recovery of resorption sites in humans.

Mechanical unloading causes bone loss, but it remains unclear whether disuse-induced changes to bone microstructure are permanent or can be recovered upon reloading. We examined bone loss and recovery in 17 astronauts using time-lapsed high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography and biochemical markers to determine whether disuse-induced changes are permanent. During 6 months in microgravity, resorption was threefold higher than formation.