No New HIV Infections With Increasing Use of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis in a Clinical Practice Setting.

Referrals for and initiation of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increased dramatically in a large clinical practice setting since 2012. Despite high rates of sexually transmitted infections among PrEP users and reported decreases in condom use in a subset, there were no new HIV infections in this population.

Analytic and clinical performance of cobas HPV testing in anal specimens from HIV-positive men who have sex with men.

Anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are common, and the incidence of anal cancer is high in HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM). To evaluate the performance of HPV assays in anal samples, we compared the cobas HPV test (cobas) to the Roche Linear Array HPV genotyping assay (LA) and cytology in HIV-infected MSM. Cytology and cobas and LA HPV testing were conducted for 342 subjects.

Early experiences implementing pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention in San Francisco.

Albert Liu and colleagues report early experiences with uptake and delivery of pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)for HIV prevention in three different settings in San Francisco. PrEP can be an important component of a comprehensive HIV prevention program and can complement efforts to increase HIV testing, linkage to care, and early initiation of antiretroviral therapy.

Risk factors for anal HPV infection and anal precancer in HIV-infected men who have sex with men.

Background: Carcinogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause a large proportion of anal cancers. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk of HPV infection and anal cancer compared with HIV-negative men. We evaluated risk factors for HPV infection and anal precancer in a population of HIV-infected MSM.

Human papillomavirus genotype attribution and estimation of preventable fraction of anal intraepithelial neoplasia cases among HIV-infected men who have sex with men.

Background: The prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced anal cancer in high-risk populations such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) remains an urgent priority, given rising incidence rates despite widespread antiretroviral therapy use.

Methods: HPV genotypes and anal disease prevalence, by cytology and histopathologic findings, were evaluated among 363 HIV-infected MSM. We modeled fractions of high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN) attributable to individual carcinogenic HPV genotypes and estimated the range of the proportion of HGAIN cases potentially preventable by prophylactic HPV vaccines.