Investigating skyrmion stability and core polarity reversal in NdMnGe.

We present a study on nanoscale skyrmionic spin textures in [Formula: see text], a rare-earth complex noncollinear ferromagnet. We confirm, using X-ray microscopy, that [Formula: see text] can host lattices of metastable skyrmion bubbles at room temperature in the absence of a magnetic field, after applying a suitable field cooling protocol. The skyrmion bubbles are robust against temperature changes from room temperature to 330 K.

SiC free-standing membrane for X-ray intensity monitoring in synchrotron radiation beamlines.

For many synchrotron radiation experiments, it is critical to perform continuous, real-time monitoring of the X-ray flux for normalization and stabilization purposes. Traditional transmission-mode monitors included metal mesh foils and ionization chambers, which suffered from low signal stability and size constraints. Solid-state detectors are now considered superior alternatives for many applications, offering appealing features like compactness and signal stability.

Quantifying the topology of magnetic skyrmions in three dimensions.

Magnetic skyrmions have so far been treated as two-dimensional spin structures characterized by a topological winding number. However, in real systems with the finite thickness of the device material being larger than the magnetic exchange length, the skyrmion spin texture extends into the third dimension and cannot be assumed as homogeneous. Using soft x-ray laminography, we reconstruct with about 20-nanometer spatial (voxel) size the full three-dimensional spin texture of a skyrmion in an 800-nanometer-diameter and 95-nanometer-thin disk patterned into a 30× [iridium/cobalt/platinum] multilayered film.

Three-dimensional spin-wave dynamics, localization and interference in a synthetic antiferromagnet.

Spin waves are collective perturbations in the orientation of the magnetic moments in magnetically ordered materials. Their rich phenomenology is intrinsically three-dimensional; however, the three-dimensional imaging of spin waves has so far not been possible. Here, we image the three-dimensional dynamics of spin waves excited in a synthetic antiferromagnet, with nanoscale spatial resolution and sub-ns temporal resolution, using time-resolved magnetic laminography.

Ptychographic Nanoscale Imaging of the Magnetoelectric Coupling in Freestanding BiFeO.

Understanding the magnetic and ferroelectric ordering of magnetoelectric multiferroic materials at the nanoscale necessitates a versatile imaging method with high spatial resolution. Here, soft X-ray ptychography is employed to simultaneously image the ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic domains in an 80 nm thin freestanding film of the room-temperature multiferroic BiFeO (BFO). The antiferromagnetic spin cycloid of period 64 nm is resolved by reconstructing the corresponding resonant elastic X-ray scattering in real space and visualized together with mosaic-like ferroelectric domains in a linear dichroic contrast image at the Fe L edge.