Lack of adverse cognitive effects of 1 Hz and 20 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at 100% of motor threshold over left prefrontal cortex in depression.

Objective: The potential therapeutic effects of repetative transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are being examined in various neuropsychiatric illnesses. This study assesses the cognitive performance of depressed patients receiving high or low frequency rTMS for 10 days.

Methods: 18 depressed patients participated in a randomized double-blind cross-over study exploring the antidepressant effects of 2 weeks (10 daily) of sham, 1 Hz, or 20 Hz rTMS administered over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at 100% of motor threshold (MT).

Cognitive effects of 1- and 20-hertz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression: preliminary report.

Objective: To determine the cognitive effects of daily repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) administered under the conditions of a treatment trial for major depression.

Background: Although daily left dorsal prefrontal rTMS has improved mood in some patients with treatment-refractory depression, potential cognitive side effects of extended daily treatment have not been systematically studied.

Method: In a randomized double-blind treatment study, 10 subjects (mean age, 42 +/- 15 years) with an episode of major depression received either 2 weeks of low-frequency (1 Hz) or high-frequency (20 Hz) rTMS (800 pulses, 20 trains over 20 minutes, 80% of motor threshold, 5 days per week) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and then were crossed over to the other treatment condition.

Lymphscintigraphies of the internal mammary ganglion chain: our experience.

In this study we have evaluated 301 internal mammary lymphoscintigraphies. The results were compared with the histology of internal mammary lymphoscintigraphies, lymphatic chain and axillary lymph nodes, with the anatomo-pathological stage of the disease, with primary tumor site, and also with patients survival. The influence of breast surgery and radiotherapy on the internal breast is shown in the results of the said 301 internal breast lymphscannings.