The dual-feature approach-avoidance task: validity, training efficacy, and the role of contingency awareness in changing food preference.

The approach-avoidance task (AAT) probes tendencies contributing to unwanted behaviours, like excessive snacking, by measuring RT differences between approach and avoidance responses to different stimuli. It retrains such tendencies using repeated avoidance of appetitive stimuli and approach of healthy alternatives. The most common paradigm, the irrelevant-feature AAT, conceals these stimulus-response contingencies by requiring approach or avoidance based on features irrelevant to the tendencies (e.

Reaction-time task reliability is more accurately computed with permutation-based split-half correlations than with Cronbach's alpha.

While it has become standard practice to report the reliability of self-report scales, it remains uncommon to do the same for experimental paradigms. To facilitate this practice, we review old and new ways to compute reliability in reaction-time tasks, and we compare their accuracy using a simulation study. Highly inaccurate and negatively biased reliability estimates are obtained through the common practice of averaging sets of trials and submitting them to Cronbach's alpha.

The only constant is change: Stable vs. variable aspects of food approach bias relate differently to food craving and intake.

The tendency to approach food faster than to avoid it (i.e., approach bias) is thought to facilitate food intake, particularly foods that conflict with one's dietary goals.

The Effect of Nonpharmacological Methods on Preoperative Anxiety in Breast Surgery Patients: Meta-analysis.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of nonpharmacological methods on anxiety before breast surgery, using the meta-analysis method.

Design: A meta-analysis.

Methods: Nine electronic databases were searched to identify studies published up to October 2023.

Explaining post-traumatic stress symptoms and sleep disturbance in Ukrainian civilians: perceived threat versus objective war exposure.

This study investigated the impact of war exposure on post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and sleep disturbance across Ukraine. Subjective and objective indicators of war exposure were modelled as predictors of these symptoms. We created two predictors: first, we used governmental and crowd-sourced data to create an objective war exposure index for each of the 21 non-occupied regions of Ukraine, based on the number of air raid alarms, explosions, and proximity to frontline; and second, we obtained self-report cross-sectional data, using convenience sampling, from a nation-wide survey ( = 991) on subjective experience of threat triggered by the war.