Intervertebral disc degeneration: A focus on obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Obesity (OB) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are among the most prevalent metabolic diseases. They currently affect a substantial part of the world population and are characterized by several systemic co-morbidities, including cardiovascular diseases, stroke, cancer, liver steatosis, and musculoskeletal disorders, by increasing the risk of developing osteoarthritis and intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). IVDD is a chronic, progressive process whose main features are disc dehydration, loss of disc height, and changes of load distribution across the spine, resulting in disc structure disruption and leading to low back pain onset.

Effect of GLP-1 and GIP on C-peptide secretion after glucagon or mixed meal tests: Significance in assessing B-cell function in diabetes.

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the different B-cell responses after a glucagon stimulation test (GST) versus mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT).

Methods: We conducted GST and MMTT in 10 healthy people (aged 25-40 years) and measured C-peptide, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) at different time points after the administration of 1 mg i.v.

Treatment of reactive hypoglycemia with the macrobiotic Ma-pi 2 diet as assessed by continuous glucose monitoring: The MAHYP randomized crossover trial.

Background And Aims: Nutritional therapy is recommended for management of reactive hypoglycemia (RH), a condition characterized by hypoglycemia that occurs within four hours after a meal. The macrobiotic Ma-Pi 2 diet improves glycemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes. We explored the effect of this diet on outcomes in non-diabetic individuals with RH.

Increased sclerostin and bone turnover after diet-induced weight loss in type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis of the MADIAB trial.

Background: Sclerostin has been directly related to bone turnover increase in dietary-induced weight loss in non-diabetics. This has not been studied in type 2 diabetes, a condition characterized by increased circulating sclerostin and impaired bone turnover.

Purpose: To study the effect of dietary weight loss and quality of the dietary intervention on changes of sclerostin and bone turnover markers in type 2 diabetes.

A 6-month follow-up study of the randomized controlled Ma-Pi macrobiotic dietary intervention (MADIAB trial) in type 2 diabetes.

Background: In the MADIAB trial (a 21-day randomized, controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D)), intervention with the Ma-Pi 2 macrobiotic diet resulted in significantly greater improvements in metabolic control compared with a standard recommended diet for patients with T2D. We report on a 6-month follow-up study, which investigated, whether these benefits extended beyond the 21-day intensive dietary intervention, in real-world conditions.

Subjects: At the end of the MADIAB trial (baseline of this follow-up study), all participants continued their assigned diet (Ma-Pi or control) for 6 months.