Dorzolamide intermediates with potential anti-inflammatory activity.

Dorzolamide (DZD), a Carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor clinically used to lower intraocular pressure, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects owing to the drug's ability to inhibit the TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP)-mediated signalling in macrophages. Here, we investigated whether DZD intermediates also demonstrate any anti-inflammatory property like DZD but with a reduced inhibition of CA. We found that several intermediates of DZD show increased binding to TIRAP at the common interface of kinases, such as Protein kinase C-delta (PKCδ) and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK).

Non-Alpine Thyroid Angiosarcoma Presenting with Unique Spinal Metastasis: A Rare Case Report from Pakistan.

Thyroid angiosarcoma is an extraordinarily sparse malignancy, often populating alpine regions. Clinically, thyroid angiosarcomas tend to be nonspecific in presentation, starkly dependent on site, size, extension, and metastases. Tumors are locally aggressive and can present with sudden onset pain due to intra-nodular hemorrhage and compressive symptoms from sudden expansion.

Has the time finally come for green oleochemicals and biodiesel production using large-scale enzyme technologies? Current status and new developments.

With the growth of the chemical industry over the last decade, the need for cheaper (and more environmentally friendly) alternatives to petrochemicals of ever-increasing cost has grown steadily. Oleochemicals and biodiesel (OC/BD) are considered as green alternatives to petroleum derivatives, because they come from renewable oils and fats. OC/BD are currently produced by the traditional energy intensive chemical catalyzed methods, which have several economic and environmental drawbacks.